Based on a figure from Jules Bernard Luys’ book “The Brain and its Function” (circa 1880). Luys proposed that the thalamus consisted of four sensory ‘ganglions’ (in blue/pink in the artwork) with topographical projections to the neocortex. The third ganglion, which he thought involved in somatosensation, is still the ‘center median nucleus of Luys’ in some textbooks. In his view, the four thalamic ganglia were "the sole and unique open gates by which all stimuli from without, destined for the cortical cells, pass; […] they are central regions which are the bond of union between the various elements of the entire cerebral system."